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Testing File Attachment Workflows in Capybara

This test suite comprehensively validates file attachment functionality in Capybara, covering both single and multiple file uploads across different form types. It ensures robust file handling capabilities including content type verification, visibility toggling, and event handling in web applications.

Test Coverage Overview

The test suite provides extensive coverage of file attachment scenarios in web forms:
  • Single and multiple file upload handling
  • File selection by ID and label
  • Support for various file types and extensions
  • Hidden file input handling
  • Form submission validation

Implementation Analysis

The testing approach employs Capybara’s file attachment API with multiple contexts:
  • Normal and multipart form handling
  • JavaScript-enabled interactions
  • Dynamic visibility toggling
  • Event propagation verification
  • Error handling for invalid scenarios

Technical Details

Key technical components include:
  • RSpec testing framework integration
  • Capybara::SpecHelper for test setup
  • File path handling across OS platforms
  • Content type validation
  • JavaScript execution capabilities

Best Practices Demonstrated

The test suite exemplifies several testing best practices:
  • Comprehensive edge case coverage
  • Proper test isolation and setup
  • Clear context organization
  • Robust error handling
  • Cross-browser compatibility consideration

teamcapybara/capybara

lib/capybara/spec/session/attach_file_spec.rb

            
# frozen_string_literal: true

Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#attach_file' do
  let(:test_file_path) { File.expand_path('../fixtures/test_file.txt', File.dirname(__FILE__)) }
  let(:another_test_file_path) { File.expand_path('../fixtures/another_test_file.txt', File.dirname(__FILE__)) }
  let(:test_jpg_file_path) { File.expand_path('../fixtures/capybara.jpg', File.dirname(__FILE__)) }
  let(:no_extension_file_path) { File.expand_path('../fixtures/no_extension', File.dirname(__FILE__)) }

  before do
    @session.visit('/form')
  end

  context 'with normal form' do
    it 'should set a file path by id' do
      @session.attach_file 'form_image', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__)
      @session.click_button('awesome')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['image']).to end_with(File.basename(__FILE__))
    end

    it 'should set a file path by label' do
      @session.attach_file 'Image', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__)
      @session.click_button('awesome')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['image']).to end_with(File.basename(__FILE__))
    end

    it 'should be able to set on element if no locator passed' do
      ff = @session.find(:file_field, 'Image')
      ff.attach_file(with_os_path_separators(__FILE__))
      @session.click_button('awesome')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['image']).to end_with(File.basename(__FILE__))
    end

    it 'casts to string' do
      @session.attach_file :form_image, with_os_path_separators(__FILE__)
      @session.click_button('awesome')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['image']).to end_with(File.basename(__FILE__))
    end
  end

  context 'with multipart form' do
    it 'should set a file path by id' do
      @session.attach_file 'form_document', with_os_path_separators(test_file_path)
      @session.click_button('Upload Single')
      expect(@session).to have_content(File.read(test_file_path))
    end

    it 'should set a file path by label' do
      @session.attach_file 'Single Document', with_os_path_separators(test_file_path)
      @session.click_button('Upload Single')
      expect(@session).to have_content(File.read(test_file_path))
    end

    it 'should not break if no file is submitted' do
      @session.click_button('Upload Single')
      expect(@session).to have_content('No file uploaded')
    end

    it 'should send prior hidden field if no file submitted' do
      @session.click_button('Upload Empty With Hidden')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['document2']).to eq('hidden_field')
      expect(extract_content_type(@session)).to start_with('multipart/form-data;')
    end

    it 'should send content type text/plain when uploading a text file' do
      @session.attach_file 'Single Document', with_os_path_separators(test_file_path)
      @session.click_button 'Upload Single'
      expect(@session).to have_content('text/plain')
    end

    it 'should send content type image/jpeg when uploading an image' do
      @session.attach_file 'Single Document', with_os_path_separators(test_jpg_file_path)
      @session.click_button 'Upload Single'
      expect(@session).to have_content('image/jpeg')
    end

    it 'should not break when uploading a file without extension' do
      @session.attach_file 'Single Document', with_os_path_separators(no_extension_file_path)
      @session.click_button 'Upload Single'
      expect(@session).to have_content(File.read(no_extension_file_path))
    end

    it 'should not break when using HTML5 multiple file input' do
      @session.attach_file 'Multiple Documents', with_os_path_separators(test_file_path)
      @session.click_button('Upload Multiple')
      expect(@session).to have_content(File.read(test_file_path))
      expect(@session.body).to include('1 | ') # number of files
    end

    it 'should not break when using HTML5 multiple file input uploading multiple files' do
      @session.attach_file('Multiple Documents',
                           [test_file_path, another_test_file_path].map { |f| with_os_path_separators(f) })
      @session.click_button('Upload Multiple')
      expect(@session).to have_content('2 | ') # number of files
      expect(@session.body).to include(File.read(test_file_path))
      expect(@session.body).to include(File.read(another_test_file_path))
    end

    it 'should not send anything when attaching no files to a multiple upload field' do
      @session.click_button('Upload Empty Multiple')
      expect(@session).to have_content('Successfully ignored empty file field')
    end

    it 'should not append files to already attached' do
      @session.attach_file 'Multiple Documents', with_os_path_separators(test_file_path)
      @session.attach_file 'Multiple Documents', with_os_path_separators(another_test_file_path)
      @session.click_button('Upload Multiple')
      expect(@session).to have_content('1 | ') # number of files
      expect(@session.body).to include(File.read(another_test_file_path))
      expect(@session.body).not_to include(File.read(test_file_path))
    end

    it 'should fire change once when uploading multiple files from empty', requires: [:js] do
      @session.visit('with_js')
      @session.attach_file('multiple-file',
                           [test_file_path, another_test_file_path].map { |f| with_os_path_separators(f) })
      expect(@session).to have_css('.file_change', count: 1)
    end

    it 'should fire change once for each set of files uploaded', requires: [:js] do
      @session.visit('with_js')
      @session.attach_file('multiple-file', [test_jpg_file_path].map { |f| with_os_path_separators(f) })
      @session.attach_file('multiple-file',
                           [test_file_path, another_test_file_path].map { |f| with_os_path_separators(f) })
      expect(@session).to have_css('.file_change', count: 2)
    end
  end

  context "with a locator that doesn't exist" do
    it 'should raise an error' do
      msg = /Unable to find file field "does not exist"/
      expect do
        @session.attach_file('does not exist', with_os_path_separators(test_file_path))
      end.to raise_error(Capybara::ElementNotFound, msg)
    end
  end

  context "with a path that doesn't exist" do
    it 'should raise an error' do
      expect { @session.attach_file('Image', '/no_such_file.png') }.to raise_error(Capybara::FileNotFound)
    end
  end

  context 'with :exact option' do
    it 'should set a file path by partial label when false' do
      @session.attach_file 'Imag', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__), exact: false
      @session.click_button('awesome')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['image']).to end_with(File.basename(__FILE__))
    end

    it 'should not allow partial matches when true' do
      expect do
        @session.attach_file 'Imag', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__), exact: true
      end.to raise_error(Capybara::ElementNotFound)
    end
  end

  context 'with :make_visible option', requires: %i[js es_args] do
    it 'applies a default style change when true' do
      @session.visit('/with_js')
      expect do
        @session.attach_file('hidden_file', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__))
      end.to raise_error Capybara::ElementNotFound
      expect do
        @session.attach_file('hidden_file', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__), make_visible: true)
      end.not_to raise_error
    end

    it 'accepts a hash of styles to be applied' do
      @session.visit('/with_js')
      expect do
        @session.attach_file('hidden_file',
                             with_os_path_separators(__FILE__),
                             make_visible: { opacity: 1, display: 'block' })
      end.not_to raise_error
    end

    it 'raises an error when the file input is not made visible' do
      @session.visit('/with_js')
      expect do
        @session.attach_file('hidden_file', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__), make_visible: { color: 'red' })
      end.to raise_error(Capybara::ExpectationNotMet)
    end

    it 'resets the style when done' do
      @session.visit('/with_js')
      @session.attach_file('hidden_file', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__), make_visible: true)
      expect(@session.evaluate_script('arguments[0].style.display', @session.find(:css, '#hidden_file', visible: :all))).to eq 'none'
    end

    it 'should fire change' do
      @session.visit('/with_js')
      @session.attach_file('hidden_file', with_os_path_separators(__FILE__), make_visible: true)
      expect(@session).to have_css('.file_change')
    end
  end

  context 'with a block', requires: %i[js] do
    it 'can upload by clicking the file input' do
      @session.attach_file(with_os_path_separators(__FILE__)) do
        @session.find(:file_field, 'form[image]').click
      end
      @session.click_button('awesome')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['image']).to end_with(File.basename(__FILE__))
    end

    it 'can upload by clicking the label' do
      @session.attach_file(with_os_path_separators(__FILE__)) do
        @session.find(:label, 'Hidden Image').click
      end
      @session.click_button('awesome')
      expect(extract_results(@session)['hidden_image']).to end_with(File.basename(__FILE__))
    end

    it 'should fire change' do
      @session.visit('/with_js')
      @session.attach_file(with_os_path_separators(__FILE__)) do
        @session.find(:label, 'Label for hidden file input').click
      end
      expect(@session).to have_css('.file_change')
    end
  end
end