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Validating Media Tech Implementation in video.js

This unit test suite validates the core Media Tech functionality in video.js, covering source handling, track management, and event handling. It ensures proper implementation of the Tech base class which serves as the foundation for various video playback technologies.

Test Coverage Overview

The test suite provides comprehensive coverage of core Tech functionality including:
  • Source handler registration and selection
  • Track management (audio, video, text)
  • Event synthesis and handling
  • Tech registration and retrieval
  • Resource disposal and cleanup
Key edge cases around source switching, track cleanup, and error handling are validated.

Implementation Analysis

The testing approach uses QUnit with sinon for mocking and stubbing. Tests are organized into logical modules with proper setup/teardown.

Key patterns include:
  • Stubbed source handlers for testing source selection
  • Clock manipulation for time-based events
  • Track list management verification
  • Error condition simulation

Technical Details

Testing tools and setup:
  • QUnit test framework
  • Sinon.JS for mocks, stubs and fake timers
  • ES6 class extensions of Tech base class
  • Custom source handler implementations
  • Track management utilities

Best Practices Demonstrated

The test suite demonstrates several testing best practices:
  • Proper test isolation and cleanup
  • Comprehensive edge case coverage
  • Clear test organization and naming
  • Effective use of test helpers and utilities
  • Thorough validation of complex interactions

videojs/videoJs

test/unit/tech/tech.test.js

            
/* eslint-env qunit */
import Tech from '../../../src/js/tech/tech.js';
import Html5 from '../../../src/js/tech/html5.js';
import Button from '../../../src/js/button.js';
import { createTimeRange } from '../../../src/js/utils/time.js';
import MediaError from '../../../src/js/media-error.js';
import AudioTrack from '../../../src/js/tracks/audio-track';
import VideoTrack from '../../../src/js/tracks/video-track';
import TextTrack from '../../../src/js/tracks/text-track';
import AudioTrackList from '../../../src/js/tracks/audio-track-list';
import VideoTrackList from '../../../src/js/tracks/video-track-list';
import TextTrackList from '../../../src/js/tracks/text-track-list';
import sinon from 'sinon';
import log from '../../../src/js/utils/log.js';
import TestHelpers from '../test-helpers.js';

function stubbedSourceHandler(handler) {
  return {
    canPlayType() {
      return true;
    },
    canHandleSource() {
      return true;
    },
    handleSource(source, tech, options) {
      return handler;
    }
  };
}

QUnit.module('Media Tech', {
  beforeEach(assert) {
    this.noop = function() {};
    this.clock = sinon.useFakeTimers();
    this.featuresProgessEvents = Tech.prototype.featuresProgessEvents;
    Tech.prototype.featuresProgressEvents = false;
  },
  afterEach(assert) {
    this.clock.restore();
    Tech.prototype.featuresProgressEvents = this.featuresProgessEvents;
  }
});

QUnit.test('Tech.registerTech and Tech.getTech', function(assert) {
  class MyTech extends Tech {}
  const oldTechs = Tech.techs_;
  const oldDefaultTechOrder = Tech.defaultTechOrder_;

  Tech.registerTech('MyTech', MyTech);

  assert.ok(Tech.techs_.MyTech, 'Tech is stored in the global list');
  assert.notEqual(Tech.defaultTechOrder_.indexOf('MyTech'), -1, 'Tech is stored in the defaultTechOrder array');
  assert.strictEqual(Tech.getTech('myTech'), MyTech, 'can get a tech using `camelCase` name');
  assert.strictEqual(Tech.getTech('MyTech'), MyTech, 'can get a tech using `titleCase` name');

  // reset techs and defaultTechOrder
  Tech.techs_ = oldTechs;
  Tech.defaultTechOrder_ = oldDefaultTechOrder;
});

QUnit.test('should synthesize timeupdate events by default', function(assert) {
  let timeupdates = 0;
  const tech = new Tech();

  tech.on('timeupdate', function() {
    timeupdates++;
  });

  tech.trigger('play');

  this.clock.tick(250);
  assert.equal(timeupdates, 1, 'triggered at least one timeupdate');

  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('stops manual timeupdates while paused', function(assert) {
  let timeupdates = 0;
  const tech = new Tech();

  tech.on('timeupdate', function() {
    timeupdates++;
  });

  tech.trigger('play');
  this.clock.tick(10 * 250);
  assert.ok(timeupdates > 0, 'timeupdates fire during playback');

  tech.trigger('pause');
  timeupdates = 0;
  this.clock.tick(10 * 250);
  assert.equal(timeupdates, 0, 'timeupdates do not fire when paused');

  tech.trigger('play');
  this.clock.tick(10 * 250);
  assert.ok(timeupdates > 0, 'timeupdates fire when playback resumes');
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('should synthesize progress events by default', function(assert) {
  let progresses = 0;
  let bufferedPercent = 0.5;
  const tech = new Tech();

  tech.on('progress', function() {
    progresses++;
  });
  tech.bufferedPercent = function() {
    return bufferedPercent;
  };

  this.clock.tick(500);
  assert.equal(progresses, 0, 'waits until ready');

  tech.trigger('ready');
  this.clock.tick(500);
  assert.equal(progresses, 1, 'triggered one event');

  tech.trigger('ready');
  bufferedPercent = 0.75;
  this.clock.tick(500);
  assert.equal(progresses, 2, 'repeated readies are ok');
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('dispose() should stop time tracking', function(assert) {
  const tech = new Tech();

  tech.dispose();

  // progress and timeupdate events will throw exceptions after the
  // tech is disposed
  try {
    this.clock.tick(10 * 1000);
  } catch (e) {
    return assert.equal(e, undefined, 'threw an exception');
  }
  assert.ok(true, 'no exception was thrown');
});

QUnit.test('dispose() should clear all tracks that are passed when its created', function(assert) {
  const audioTracks = new AudioTrackList([new AudioTrack(), new AudioTrack()]);
  const videoTracks = new VideoTrackList([new VideoTrack(), new VideoTrack()]);
  const pretech = new Tech();
  const textTracks = new TextTrackList([new TextTrack({tech: pretech}),
    new TextTrack({tech: pretech})]);

  assert.equal(audioTracks.length, 2, 'should have two audio tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(videoTracks.length, 2, 'should have two video tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(textTracks.length, 2, 'should have two text tracks at the start');

  const tech = new Tech({audioTracks, videoTracks, textTracks});

  assert.equal(
    tech.videoTracks().length,
    videoTracks.length,
    'should hold video tracks that we passed'
  );
  assert.equal(
    tech.audioTracks().length,
    audioTracks.length,
    'should hold audio tracks that we passed'
  );
  assert.equal(
    tech.textTracks().length,
    textTracks.length,
    'should hold text tracks that we passed'
  );

  pretech.dispose();
  tech.dispose();

  assert.equal(audioTracks.length, 0, 'should have zero audio tracks after dispose');
  assert.equal(videoTracks.length, 0, 'should have zero video tracks after dispose');
  assert.equal(textTracks.length, 0, 'should have zero text tracks after dispose');
});

QUnit.test('dispose() should clear all tracks that are added after creation', function(assert) {
  const tech = new Tech();

  tech.addRemoteTextTrack({}, true);
  tech.addRemoteTextTrack({}, true);

  tech.audioTracks().addTrack(new AudioTrack());
  tech.audioTracks().addTrack(new AudioTrack());

  tech.videoTracks().addTrack(new VideoTrack());
  tech.videoTracks().addTrack(new VideoTrack());

  assert.equal(tech.audioTracks().length, 2, 'should have two audio tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(tech.videoTracks().length, 2, 'should have two video tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(tech.textTracks().length, 2, 'should have two text tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTrackEls().length,
    2,
    'should have two remote text tracks els'
  );
  assert.equal(tech.remoteTextTracks().length, 2, 'should have two remote text tracks');

  tech.dispose();

  assert.equal(
    tech.audioTracks().length,
    0,
    'should have zero audio tracks after dispose'
  );
  assert.equal(
    tech.videoTracks().length,
    0,
    'should have zero video tracks after dispose'
  );
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTrackEls().length,
    0,
    'should have zero remote text tracks els'
  );
  assert.equal(tech.remoteTextTracks().length, 0, 'should have zero remote text tracks');
  assert.equal(tech.textTracks().length, 0, 'should have zero video tracks after dispose');
});

QUnit.test('switching sources should clear all remote tracks that are added with the default manualCleanup = false', function(assert) {
  const oldLogWarn = log.warn;

  // Define a new tech class
  class MyTech extends Tech {}

  // Create source handler
  const handler = {
    canPlayType: () => 'probably',
    canHandleSource: () => 'probably',
    handleSource: () => {
      return {
        dispose: () => {}
      };
    }
  };

  // Extend Tech with source handlers
  Tech.withSourceHandlers(MyTech);

  MyTech.registerSourceHandler(handler);

  const tech = new MyTech();

  tech.triggerReady();

  // set the initial source
  tech.setSource({src: 'foo.mp4', type: 'mp4'});

  // should not be automatically cleaned up when source changes
  tech.addRemoteTextTrack({}, true);
  // should be automatically cleaned up when source changes
  tech.addRemoteTextTrack({});
  this.clock.tick(1);

  assert.equal(tech.textTracks().length, 2, 'should have two text tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTrackEls().length,
    2,
    'should have two remote text tracks els'
  );
  assert.equal(tech.remoteTextTracks().length, 2, 'should have two remote text tracks');
  assert.equal(
    tech.autoRemoteTextTracks_.length,
    1,
    'should have one auto-cleanup remote text track'
  );

  // change source to force cleanup of auto remote text tracks
  tech.setSource({src: 'bar.mp4', type: 'mp4'});
  this.clock.tick(1);

  assert.equal(
    tech.textTracks().length,
    1,
    'should have one text track after source change'
  );
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTrackEls().length,
    1,
    'should have one remote remote text track els after source change'
  );
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTracks().length,
    1,
    'should have one remote text track after source change'
  );
  assert.equal(
    tech.autoRemoteTextTracks_.length,
    0,
    'should have zero auto-cleanup remote text tracks'
  );

  log.warn = oldLogWarn;
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('should add the source handler interface to a tech', function(assert) {
  const sourceA = { src: 'foo.mp4', type: 'video/mp4' };
  const sourceB = { src: 'no-support', type: 'no-support' };

  // Define a new tech class
  class MyTech extends Tech {}

  // Extend Tech with source handlers
  Tech.withSourceHandlers(MyTech);

  // Check for the expected class methods
  assert.ok(
    MyTech.registerSourceHandler,
    'added a registerSourceHandler function to the Tech'
  );
  assert.ok(
    MyTech.selectSourceHandler,
    'added a selectSourceHandler function to the Tech'
  );

  // Create an instance of Tech
  const tech = new MyTech();

  // Check for the expected instance methods
  assert.ok(tech.setSource, 'added a setSource function to the tech instance');

  // Create an internal state class for the source handler
  // The internal class would be used by a source handler to maintain state
  // and provde a dispose method for the handler.
  // This is optional for source handlers
  let disposeCalled = false;

  class HandlerInternalState {
    dispose() {
      disposeCalled = true;
    }
  }

  // Create source handlers
  const handlerOne = {
    canPlayType(type) {
      if (type !== 'no-support') {
        return 'probably';
      }
      return '';
    },
    canHandleSource(source, options) {
      assert.strictEqual(
        tech.options_,
        options,
        'tech options passed to canHandleSource'
      );
      if (source.type !== 'no-support') {
        return 'probably';
      }
      return '';
    },
    handleSource(s, t, o) {
      assert.strictEqual(
        tech,
        t,
        'tech instance passed to source handler'
      );
      assert.strictEqual(
        sourceA,
        s,
        'tech instance passed to the source handler'
      );
      assert.strictEqual(
        tech.options_,
        o,
        'tech options passed to the source handler handleSource'
      );
      return new HandlerInternalState();
    }
  };

  const handlerTwo = {
    canPlayType(type) {
      // no support
      return '';
    },
    canHandleSource(source, options) {
      // no support
      return '';
    },
    handleSource(source, tech_, options) {
      assert.ok(false, 'handlerTwo supports nothing and should never be called');
    }
  };

  // Test registering source handlers
  MyTech.registerSourceHandler(handlerOne);
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.sourceHandlers[0],
    handlerOne,
    'handlerOne was added to the source handler array'
  );
  MyTech.registerSourceHandler(handlerTwo, 0);
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.sourceHandlers[0],
    handlerTwo,
    'handlerTwo was registered at the correct index (0)'
  );

  // Test handler selection
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.selectSourceHandler(sourceA, tech.options_),
    handlerOne,
    'handlerOne was selected to handle the valid source'
  );
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.selectSourceHandler(sourceB, tech.options_),
    null,
    'no handler was selected to handle the invalid source'
  );

  // Test canPlayType return values
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.canPlayType(sourceA.type),
    'probably',
    'the Tech returned probably for the valid source'
  );
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.canPlayType(sourceB.type),
    '',
    'the Tech returned an empty string for the invalid source'
  );

  // Test canPlaySource return values
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.canPlaySource(sourceA, tech.options_),
    'probably',
    'the Tech returned probably for the valid source'
  );
  assert.strictEqual(
    MyTech.canPlaySource(sourceB, tech.options_),
    '',
    'the Tech returned an empty string for the invalid source'
  );

  tech.addRemoteTextTrack({}, true);
  tech.addRemoteTextTrack({}, true);

  tech.audioTracks().addTrack(new AudioTrack());
  tech.audioTracks().addTrack(new AudioTrack());

  tech.videoTracks().addTrack(new VideoTrack());
  tech.videoTracks().addTrack(new VideoTrack());

  assert.equal(tech.audioTracks().length, 2, 'should have two audio tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(tech.videoTracks().length, 2, 'should have two video tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(tech.textTracks().length, 2, 'should have two video tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTrackEls().length,
    2,
    'should have two remote text tracks els'
  );
  assert.equal(tech.remoteTextTracks().length, 2, 'should have two remote text tracks');

  // Pass a source through the source handler process of a tech instance
  tech.setSource(sourceA);

  // verify that the Tracks are still there
  assert.equal(tech.audioTracks().length, 2, 'should have two audio tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(tech.videoTracks().length, 2, 'should have two video tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(tech.textTracks().length, 2, 'should have two video tracks at the start');
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTrackEls().length,
    2,
    'should have two remote text tracks els'
  );
  assert.equal(tech.remoteTextTracks().length, 2, 'should have two remote text tracks');

  assert.strictEqual(tech.currentSource_, sourceA, 'sourceA was handled and stored');
  assert.ok(tech.sourceHandler_.dispose, 'the handlerOne state instance was stored');

  // Pass a second source
  tech.setSource(sourceA);
  assert.strictEqual(tech.currentSource_, sourceA, 'sourceA was handled and stored');
  assert.ok(tech.sourceHandler_.dispose, 'the handlerOne state instance was stored');

  // verify that all the tracks were removed as we got a new source
  assert.equal(tech.audioTracks().length, 0, 'should have zero audio tracks');
  assert.equal(tech.videoTracks().length, 0, 'should have zero video tracks');
  assert.equal(tech.textTracks().length, 2, 'should have two text tracks');
  assert.equal(
    tech.remoteTextTrackEls().length,
    2,
    'should have two remote text tracks els'
  );
  assert.equal(tech.remoteTextTracks().length, 2, 'should have two remote text tracks');

  // Check that the handler dispose method works
  assert.ok(disposeCalled, 'dispose has been called for the handler yet');
  disposeCalled = false;
  tech.dispose();
  assert.ok(
    disposeCalled,
    'the handler dispose method was called when the tech was disposed'
  );
});

QUnit.test('should handle unsupported sources with the source handler API', function(assert) {
  // Define a new tech class
  class MyTech extends Tech {}

  // Extend Tech with source handlers
  Tech.withSourceHandlers(MyTech);
  // Create an instance of Tech
  const tech = new MyTech();
  let usedNative;

  MyTech.nativeSourceHandler = {
    handleSource() {
      usedNative = true;
    }
  };

  tech.setSource('');
  assert.ok(
    usedNative,
    'native source handler was used when an unsupported source was set'
  );
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('should allow custom error events to be set', function(assert) {
  const tech = new Tech();
  const errors = [];

  tech.on('error', function() {
    errors.push(tech.error());
  });

  assert.equal(tech.error(), null, 'error is null by default');

  tech.error(new MediaError(1));
  assert.equal(errors.length, 1, 'triggered an error event');
  assert.equal(errors[0].code, 1, 'set the proper code');

  tech.error(2);
  assert.equal(errors.length, 2, 'triggered an error event');
  assert.equal(errors[1].code, 2, 'wrapped the error code');
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('should track whether a video has played', function(assert) {
  const tech = new Tech();

  assert.equal(tech.played().length, 0, 'starts with zero length');
  tech.trigger('playing');
  assert.equal(tech.played().length, 1, 'has length after playing');
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('delegates deferrables to the source handler', function(assert) {
  class MyTech extends Tech {
    seekable() {
      throw new Error('You should not be calling me!');
    }
    seeking() {
      throw new Error('You should not be calling me!');
    }
    duration() {
      throw new Error('You should not be calling me!');
    }
  }

  Tech.withSourceHandlers(MyTech);

  let seekableCount = 0;
  let seekingCount = 0;
  let durationCount = 0;
  const handler = {
    seekable() {
      seekableCount++;
      return createTimeRange(0, 0);
    },
    seeking() {
      seekingCount++;
      return false;
    },
    duration() {
      durationCount++;
      return 0;
    }
  };

  MyTech.registerSourceHandler(stubbedSourceHandler(handler));

  const tech = new MyTech();

  tech.setSource({
    src: 'example.mp4',
    type: 'video/mp4'
  });
  tech.seekable();
  tech.seeking();
  tech.duration();
  assert.equal(seekableCount, 1, 'called the source handler');
  assert.equal(seekingCount, 1, 'called the source handler');
  assert.equal(durationCount, 1, 'called the source handler');
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('delegates only deferred deferrables to the source handler', function(assert) {
  let seekingCount = 0;

  class MyTech extends Tech {
    seekable() {
      throw new Error('You should not be calling me!');
    }
    seeking() {
      seekingCount++;
      return false;
    }
    duration() {
      throw new Error('You should not be calling me!');
    }
  }

  Tech.withSourceHandlers(MyTech);

  let seekableCount = 0;
  let durationCount = 0;
  const handler = {
    seekable() {
      seekableCount++;
      return createTimeRange(0, 0);
    },
    duration() {
      durationCount++;
      return 0;
    }
  };

  MyTech.registerSourceHandler(stubbedSourceHandler(handler));

  const tech = new MyTech();

  tech.setSource({
    src: 'example.mp4',
    type: 'video/mp4'
  });
  tech.seekable();
  tech.seeking();
  tech.duration();
  assert.equal(seekableCount, 1, 'called the source handler');
  assert.equal(seekingCount, 1, 'called the tech itself');
  assert.equal(durationCount, 1, 'called the source handler');
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('Tech.isTech returns correct answers for techs and components', function(assert) {
  const isTech = Tech.isTech;
  const tech = new Html5({}, {});
  const button = new Button(TestHelpers.makePlayer(), {});

  assert.ok(isTech(Tech), 'Tech is a Tech');
  assert.ok(isTech(Html5), 'Html5 is a Tech');
  assert.ok(isTech(tech), 'An html5 instance is a Tech');
  assert.ok(!isTech(5), 'A number is not a Tech');
  assert.ok(!isTech('this is a tech'), 'A string is not a Tech');
  assert.ok(!isTech(Button), 'A Button is not a Tech');
  assert.ok(!isTech(button), 'A Button instance is not a Tech');
  assert.ok(!isTech(isTech), 'A function is not a Tech');

  tech.dispose();
  button.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('setSource after tech dispose should dispose source handler once', function(assert) {
  class MyTech extends Tech {}

  Tech.withSourceHandlers(MyTech);

  let disposeCount = 0;
  const handler = {
    dispose() {
      disposeCount++;
    }
  };

  MyTech.registerSourceHandler({
    canPlayType() {
      return true;
    },
    canHandleSource() {
      return true;
    },
    handleSource(source, tech, options) {
      return handler;
    }
  });

  const tech = new MyTech();

  tech.setSource('test');

  assert.equal(disposeCount, 0, 'did not call sourceHandler_ dispose for initial dispose');
  tech.dispose();
  assert.ok(!tech.sourceHandler_, 'sourceHandler should be unset');
  assert.equal(disposeCount, 1, 'called the source handler dispose');

  // this would normally be done above tech on src after dispose
  tech.el_ = tech.createEl();

  tech.setSource('test');
  assert.equal(disposeCount, 1, 'did not dispose after initial setSource');

  tech.setSource('test');
  assert.equal(disposeCount, 2, 'did dispose on second setSource');
  tech.dispose();

});

QUnit.test('setSource after previous setSource should dispose source handler once', function(assert) {
  class MyTech extends Tech {}

  Tech.withSourceHandlers(MyTech);

  let disposeCount = 0;
  const handler = {
    dispose() {
      disposeCount++;
    }
  };

  MyTech.registerSourceHandler({
    canPlayType() {
      return true;
    },
    canHandleSource() {
      return true;
    },
    handleSource(source, tech, options) {
      return handler;
    }
  });

  const tech = new MyTech();

  tech.setSource('test');
  assert.equal(disposeCount, 0, 'did not call dispose for initial setSource');

  tech.setSource('test');
  assert.equal(disposeCount, 1, 'did dispose for second setSource');

  tech.setSource('test');
  assert.equal(disposeCount, 2, 'did dispose for third setSource');
  tech.dispose();

});

QUnit.test('returns an empty object for getVideoPlaybackQuality', function(assert) {
  const tech = new Tech();

  assert.deepEqual(tech.getVideoPlaybackQuality(), {}, 'returns an empty object');
  tech.dispose();
});

QUnit.test('requestVideoFrameCallback waits if tech not ready', function(assert) {
  const tech = new Tech();
  const cbSpy = sinon.spy();

  tech.paused = sinon.spy();
  tech.isReady_ = false;

  tech.requestVideoFrameCallback(cbSpy);

  assert.notOk(tech.paused.called, 'paused not called on tech that is not ready');

  tech.trigger('playing');

  assert.ok(cbSpy.called, 'callback was called on tech playing');

  tech.dispose();
});